Which disciplinary approach is designed to repair harm and restore relationships, often reducing suspensions?

• A. Exclusionary discipline
• B. Public shaming
• C. Restorative approaches
• D. Mandatory detention

Answer: (C)

Restorative approaches in discipline are designed to repair harm and restore relationships after an incident. They bring together the person who caused harm, the person harmed, and often other community members to talk about what happened, how it affected people, and what can be done to make things right. The goal is accountability that leads to repair and learning, not punishment alone. Through restorative circles or conferences, participants agree on concrete steps—apologies, restitution, and supports to prevent recurrence—so relationships can be rebuilt and trust within the community can recover. Because the emphasis is on addressing harm and keeping students in their learning environment, suspensions and removals are reduced.

Exclusionary discipline removes the student from the learning setting without addressing the underlying harm or relationships. Public shaming damages dignity and is not effective at promoting lasting change. Mandatory detention is punitive and typically does not engage the harmed party or community in repair, nor does it foster the supports needed to prevent future issues.